灰化消解-极谱法测定油料中五个重金属元素

建立了灰化消解-极谱法测定油样中镉、铅、铜、镍、钴等5种微量重金属元素的含量.油料样品通过灰化法消解后,用极谱法在乙酸-乙酸盐缓冲溶液和磺基水杨酸-磷酸-氨水体系中测定5种重金属元素的含量.5种微量重金属元素的检出限为1.3×10-4～9.8×10-4 g·L-1,加标回收率为90%～106%,相对标准偏差为0.22%～3.16%.     

毛细管电泳安培法检测中的在柱场放大效应

本文首次报道用安培电化学检测器探讨毛细管电泳分离的场放大进样效应，分析了系统峰的形成以及场放大进样对电泳分离检测的影响。采用２５μｍ内径毛细管电泳分离，对去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）和儿茶酚（ＣＡＴ）分别可达０．４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度检测限，有效提高了毛细管电泳安培法检测的灵敏度。     

Selenium and mercury bioaccessibility in fish samples: an in vitro digestion method

The assessment of hazard from selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) contaminants in the food chain based on their potential bioaccessibility and on estimate of their actual content in fish is reported under an in vitro model. Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) was applied for total selenium and mercury quantification. Selenium and mercury bioaccessibility varied depending on the type of fish analyzed. Se solubility in the gastrointestinal supernatants was higher in swordfish and sardine (76 and 83%, respectively) than in tuna (50%). A low Hg bioaccessibility (9-17%) was found for all the samples.Simulated human gastric and intestinal digestion led to the identification of selenomethionine (SeMet) and organic mercury in the three digested fish. Furthermore, these species were not modified during the digestion. Speciation of selenium compounds was done by liquid chromatography in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS).Sardine had the most favorable Se:Hg, [Se:Hg]_{bioaccessible} and [SeMet:Hg]_{bioaccessible} molar ratios, making it preferable to tuna and swordfish.The effect of cooking was also evaluated.     

水中氯苯类污染物的顶空液相微萃取 GC-MS法测定

研究了用顶空液相微萃取GC-MS法测定水中的痕量氯苯类有机污染物。通过实验选择正辛醇为萃取剂,考察了萃取剂的体积、萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速度、样品顶空体积以及盐效应等对萃取的影响。在最佳萃取和测定条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1~800μg/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05~0.1μg/L。用本方法测定了实际样品及回收率,结果满意。     

Determination of diethanolamine or <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-methyldiethanolamine in high ammonium concentration matrices by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection: application to the analysis of refinery process waters

Alkanolamines such as diethanolamine (DEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are used in desulfurization processes in crude oil refineries. These compounds may be found in process waters following an accidental contamination. The analysis of alkanolamines in refinery process waters is very difficult due to the high ammonium concentration of the samples. This paper describes a method for the determination of DEA in high ammonium concentration refinery process waters by using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with indirect UV detection. The same method can be used for the determination of MDEA. Best results were achieved with a background electrolyte (BGE) comprising 10 mM histidine adjusted to pH 5.0 with acetic acid. The development of this electrolyte and the analytical performances are discussed. The quantification was performed by using internal standardization, by which triethanolamine (TEA) was used as internal standard. A matrix effect due to the high ammonium content has been highlighted and standard addition was therefore used. The developed method was characterized in terms of repeatability of migration times and corrected peak areas, linearity, and accuracy. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) obtained were 0.2 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. The CE method was applied to the determination of DEA or MDEA in refinery process waters spiked with known amounts of analytes and it gave excellent results, since uncertainties obtained were 8 and 5%, respectively.     

金橙G螯合形成树脂分离富集地质样品中的微量贵金属

主要研究了金橙Ｇ螯合形成树脂分离富集地质样品中金、铂、钯的最佳实验条件。在柱高大于１６ｃｍ，０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ介质的样品溶液以小于或等于０．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ流速过柱，用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ的３％硫脲溶液以小于或等于０．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ流速洗脱金、铂、钯（和铑），都能同时定量富集。用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，回收率均在９５％￣１１０％之间。经地质样品加标准回收实验，结果令人满意。证明这种以磺酸基     

Effect of N2O pretreatment on fresh and regenerated Pd-Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts during selective hydrogenation of acetylene

N₂O pretreatment has shown to result in enhancement of the performance of fresh commercial Pd-Ag/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst during selective acetylene hydrogenation. However, it showed no effect for the used and regenerated catalysts probably due to changes int he metal arrangement on the catalyst surface after regeneration.     

Microporous, fast response cellulose ether hydrogel prepared by freeze-drying

A simple and effective method of preparing fast-response gels is developed. The freeze-drying and subsequent rehydration of thermosensitive gels alters the microstructural properties of the gels in a way that leads to rapid shrinking rates. Microporous hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gels were created by this method to investigate the influence of the process on the swelling and shrinking kinetics of the gels in response to temperature changes. Micropores of different size ranges were produced by freezing gels with different amounts of water at −20 °C. Water content was the key factor to control the microporosity and the shrinking rates of gels. After the freezing treatment, an effective diffusion coefficient for shrinking could be determined by fitting Fick's law to the data (5.2 × 10⁻⁴ cm²/s). This was an increase of two orders of magnitude over that of the untreated, non-porous gel (6.0 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/s). The magnitude of the shrinking coefficient indicates that the shrinking rate of the microporous gel is probably limited by the convective flow, as unsteady flow through porous media follows the same differential equation as Fick's law, but with much greater transport coefficients, as observed here. Physically, the shrinking rate may be determined by the level of interconnected-cells in a microporous structure present at the beginning of shrinking process because the convection through the interconnected-cells is estimated to be much slower than the polymer network diffusion rate of the struts of micropores (0.1–3.0 μm) as well as heat transfer.     

全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测植物源性食品中34种农药残留

建立了全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时检测植物源性食品中34种农药残留的分析方法。方法利用全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统涡旋振动和离心功能，将手动QuEChERS方法中样品提取和分散固相萃取相结合；优化了操作参数及前处理步骤，在多反应监测（MRM）模式下检测，基质匹配外标法定量。从方法学验证角度对全自动QuEChERS法与手动QuEChERS法进行了比较。结果表明：该方法中大多数农药在一定范围内呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）均大于0.99，检出限为0.76~3.60 μg/kg，定量限为2.28~10.80 μg/kg，加标回收率为53.0%~125.2%，相对标准偏差（RSD）<15.9%（n=5）。该方法与手动QuEChERS法的方法验证比对结果显示差异不明显，用于植物源性食品中多农药残留检测可有效降低劳动强度和出错概率。     

Continuous pH monitoring during pretreatment of yellow poplar wood sawdust by pressure cooking in water

Yellow poplar wood sawdust consists of 41% cellulose and 19% hemicellulose. The goal of pressure cooking this material in water is to hydrate the more chemically resistive regions of cellulose in order to enhance enzymatic conversion to glucose. Pretreatment can generate organic acids through acid-catalyzed degradation of monosaccharides formed because of acids released from the biomass material or the inherent acidity of the water at temperatures above 160°C. The resulting acids will further promote the acid-catalyzed degradation of monomers that cause both a reduction in the yield and the formation of fermentation inhibitors such as hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural. A continuous pH-monitoring system was developed to help characterize the trends in pH during pretreatment and to assist in the development of a base (2.0 M KOH) addition profile to help keep the pH within a specified range in order to reduce any catalytic degradation and the formation of any monosac-charide degradation products during pretreatment. The results of this work are discussed.